Second, the accused should have the requisite malicious intent to do a legal act, or mens rea . Criminal methods of the civil law tradition distinguish between intention in the broad sense , and negligence. Negligence does not carry legal responsibility except a particular crime offers for its punishment.
Canon law is simply in use by members of the Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Anglican Communion. Hugo Grotius, the founder of a purely rationalistic system of natural law, argued that law arises from both a social impulse—as Aristotle had indicated—and cause. Immanuel Kant believed an ethical crucial …